Positive antibiotic and resistance genes in source water of three regions and correlation analysis / 环境与职业医学

Background China is a big country in the production and use of antibiotics. The abuse of antibiotics enables bacteria in water environment to acquire resistance, and promotes the generation and spread of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs). The problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is increasingly serious and has become a public security issue of global concern. Water environment is a huge reservoir of antibiotics and ARGs. It is of great significance to study the pollution of antibiotics and ARGs in water to protect water sources and optimize the biosecurity of drinking water. Objective To evaluate the detection of antibiotics and ARGs in typical water sources, and to explore the relationship between antibiotics and ARGs. Methods Water samples were collected in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Hubei provinces during the wet season (from August to October) in 2020. Ten water samples were collected from each of the three places, and a total of 30 water samples were collected in this study. Five kinds of antibiotics, including macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and β-lactam, were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The integron (Intl1), 16S rRNA, and 6 kinds of ARGs were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The ARGs include one macrolide ARGs (ermB), one β-lactam ARGs (blaTEM), two tetracycline ARGs (tetC, tetQ), and two sulfonamide ARGs (sul1, sul2). Results The types of detected antibiotics varied by the three regions, and the concentration ranges of the same antibiotics varied by the three regions (P<0.05). The concentration ranges of selected five kinds of antibiotics were 0.11-418.80 ng·L−1 in region A, 0.12-23.23 ng·L−1 in region B, and 4.69-285.75 ng·L−1 in region C, respectively. The detection rates of all six ARGs were 100%. The absolute abundance of ARGs in region A ranged from 22.56 to 94355.91 copies·mL−1, that in region B ranged from 27.99 to 80584.32 copies·mL−1, and that in region C ranged from 41.99 to 111068.19 copies·mL−1. The absolute abundance of blaTEM was higher among the ARGs, followed by sul1 and sul2. In addition, the absolute abundance of Intl1 was also at a high level. The results of correlation analysis showed that the abundance of ARGs was positively correlated with each other. There was no correlation between specific antibiotics and corresponding ARGs. There was a positive correlation between Intl1 and sul1 or sul2 (P<0.05). Conclusion The types and concentrations of antibiotics and the abundance of ARGs in source water vary greatly in the study areas. The association between antibiotics and ARGs is uncertain. Intl1 may play an important role in the horizontal transfer of sulfonamide resistance genes.

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and the impact on cell stress resistance / 生物工程学报

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are proteins or protein regions that fail to get folded into definite three-dimensional structures but participate in various biological processes and perform specific functions. Defying the traditional protein "sequence-structure-function" paradigm, they enrich the protein "structure-function" diversity. Ubiquitous in organisms, they show extreme hydrophilicity, charged amino acids, and highly repetitive amino acid sequences, with simple arrangement. As a result, they feature highly variable binding affinities and high coordination, which facilitate their functions. IDPs play an important role in cell stress response, which can improve the tolerance to a variety of stresses, such as freezing, high salt, heat shock, and desiccation. In this study, we briefed the characteristics, classifications, and identification of IDPs, summarized the molecular mechanism in improving cell stress resistance, and described the potential applications.

Progress in studies on production of chemicals from xylose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae / 生物工程学报

Effective utilization of xylose is a basis for economic production of biofuels or chemicals from lignocellulose biomass. Over the past 30 years, through metabolic engineering, evolutionary engineering and other strategies, the metabolic capacity of xylose of the traditional ethanol-producing microorganism Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been significantly improved. In recent years, the reported results showed that the transcriptome and metabolome profiles between xylose and glucose metabolism existed significant difference in recombinant yeast strains. Compared with glucose, the overall process of xylose metabolism exhibits Crabtree-negative characteristics, including the limited glycolytic pathway activity, which reduces the metabolic flux of pyruvate to ethanol, and the enhanced cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthesis and respiratory energy metabolism. These traits are helpful to achieve efficient synthesis of downstream products using pyruvate or acetyl-CoA as precursors. This review provides a detailed overview on the modification and optimization of xylose metabolic pathways in S. cerevisiae, the characteristics of xylose metabolism, and the construction of cell factories for production of chemicals using xylose as a carbon source. Meanwhile, the existed difficulties and challenges, and future studies on biosynthesis of bulk chemicals using xylose as an important carbon source are proposed.

Benchmark dose of the children's total fluoride intake / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:By exploring the source of children's total fluoride intake and the relationship between children's total fluoride intake and dental fluorosis prevalence, to calculate the benchmark dose (BMD) of children's total fluoride intake and its 95% confidence lower limit (BMDL), and to provide the basis for revision of "Total Fluoride Intake for Inhabitants" (WS/T 87-2016).Methods:The villages that had water improvement for 5 years and more in 6 provinces of Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Anhui, Henan and Shaanxi were selected as survey sites in April 2014. The water fluoride content of these villages was 0.3 - 3.0 mg/L, tap water samples from the centralized water supply were collected, and fluoride content was detected by ion selective electrode method. Children aged 8 to 12 years were selected, children's dental fluorosis was checked by Dean's method. Children's dietary and drinking water volume were surveyed by duplicate portion study (measurement for 3 d), and dietary fluoride content was detected according to the "Method for Determination of Fluorine in Foods". The mean and standard deviation of drinking water fluoride intake, dietary fluoride intake, and total fluoride intake were measured. According to the dose-response relationship between children's total fluoride intake and the detection rate of dental fluorosis, BMD and BMDL were calculated, and the reference dose (RfD) was calculated based on BMDL.Results:The mean of water fluoride of all 29 villages was 1.26 mg/L (from 0.41 to 2.85 mg/L). Totally 3 043 children aged 8 to 12 years were checked, and the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 30.2% (919/3 034). The lowest detection rate of dental fluorosis was 2.0% (2/100) and the highest was 71.4% (30/42) in the 29 villages. The children's dietary and drinking water volume of 769 person-time aged 8 to 12 years were surveyed, the children's daily drinking water fluoride intake, dietary fluoride intake, and total fluoride intake were (0.83 ± 0.66), (1.13 ± 0.61) and (1.96 ± 0.89) mg/d, respectively. The BMD of children's daily total fluoride intake was 2.43 mg, the BMDL was 2.21 mg, and the RfD was 2.21 mg.Conclusion:The BMD of 8 to 12 years old children's daily total fluoride intake is the same as the allowable limit (2.4 mg) of the national standard "Total Fluoride Intake for Inhabitants" (WS/T 87-2016).

Investigation of rumination level and its influential factors among psychiatry nurses who go through work place violence / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the level of rumination and its influential factors among Chinese psychiatry nurses who go through work place violence.Methods:In this study, 150 psychiatry nurses were recruited from Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (specialize in psychiatry), via the combination of convenient sampling and snowball sampling. Chinese Event-related Rumination Inventory (C-ERRI) was applied in the survey.Results:The total score of C-ERRI was (22.11±9.62) points, and the scores of intrusive rumination subscale and deliberate rumination subscale were (12.99±5.58) and (9.12±6.01) points, respectively. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis show that assault frequency in recent year ( B=-3.195, P<0.01) and whether got injury in the recent assault ( B=8.591, P<0.01) were predictors of deliberate rumination, which account for 26.8% variance of the equation. Gender (male) ( B=-2.415, P<0.01), Injury frequency in recent year ( B=2.864, P<0.01) and whether got injury in the recent assault ( B=8.949, P<0.01) were predictors of intrusive rumination. They account for 36.0% variance of the equation. Conclusion:In this study, the level of rumination among Chinese psychiatry nurses was low. Their rumination style was deliberate rumination.

Research progress on model of Alzheimer's disease in vitro / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Hitherto, the specific pathogenesis of AD has not been clarified and the only 5 anti-AD drugs approved for marketing also have some problems such as obvious side effects and limited efficacy. The ideal disease model is an important tool to explore the etiology and develop new drugs. This paper focuses on the traditional "induced" AD model in vitro. The modeling agents, basic principle, main characteristics and application examples are described, and the research progress of new AD models in vitro in recent years are summarized, in order to provide reference and guidance for researchers to study AD.

Arthroscopic reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament by suspensory fixation for management of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation and MRI follow-up study / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the safety and effectiveness of arthroscopic reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament by suspensory fixation to manage the acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation.@*METHODS@#From January 2016 to December 2017, 18 cases of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation were carried out with arthroscopic reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament by double Endobutton plate suspensory fixation. Anteroposterior view X-ray plain radiographs were obtained on the second day, 6 months and 12 months after the surgery, MRI was performed in 1 year after operation. Meanwhile, subjective and objective scoring were obtained by Vsual Analogue Scale (VAS), Rating Scale of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA).@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 12 to 30 months (an average of 18 months). There was no patient with infection, neurovascular injury, loosening and breakage of internal fixation, re-dislocation of acromioclavicular joint, clavicular fracture, coracoid process fracture, etc. Postoperative X-ray showed that all acromioclavicular joints were completely relocated. The follow-up of MRI after 1 year showed no obvious dislocation of acromioclavicular joint and good recovery of acromioclavicular space. Postoperative shoulder joint function, VAS, ASES, UCLA and acromioclavicular distance were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, with statistically significant differences (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Arthroscopic reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament by suspensory fixation to manage the acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation has the advantages of minimal invasive, rapid functional recovery and less complications and satisfactory early clinical results.

Retraction: Differential expression of exosomal miRNAs in osteoblasts in osteoarthritis Journal of Central South University. Medical Science, 2018, 43(12):1294-1300. DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2018.12.003 / 中南大学学报(医学版)

The article entitled "Differential expression of exosomal miRNAs in osteoblasts in osteoarthritis" published on Journal of Central South University (Medical Science), in Volume 43, Issue 12, 2018 (DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2018.12.003) may have an unclear risk of bias due to insufficient understanding for some results. Further experimental studies are needed. We all agree to retract this article, and apologize to the Journal and readers for the possible negative impact.

Efficacy of indine of composite Huaihua fructus posraleae combined with fractional CO2 laser on acral stable vitiligo / 中国基层医药

Objective To OvaluatO thO Officacy and safOty of indinO of compositO Huaihua fructus posralOaO combinOd with fractional CO2 lasOr on acral stablO vitiligo.Methods From OctobOr 2014 to August 2017, 79 casOs with acral stablO vitiligo in thO Sixth POoplO′s Hospital of Dongguan wOrO randomly dividOd into trOatmOnt group and control group according to thO digital tablO. ThO trOatmOnt group(51 casOs) was trOatOd with fractional CO2 lasOr onO timO a month for four timOs, and thO sOcond day was givOn topical indinO of compositO Huaihua fructus posralOaO twicO a day. ThO control group(28 casOs) was trOatOd with topical indinO of compositO Huaihua fructus posralOaO twicO a day. ThO trOatmOnt OffOct was obsOrvOd aftOr trOatmOnt for 3 months and 6 months. Results AftOr trOatmOnt for 3 months and 6 months, thO total OffOctivO ratOs of thO trOatmOnt group wOrO 39.22% , 62.75% ,rOspOctivOly, which wOrO significantly highOr than thosO of thO control group(32.14% , 42.86% ) (χ2 =12.557,18.021,all P<0.05). No sOrious advOrsO OvOnt was obsOrvOd in thO two groups.Conclusion IndinO of compositO Huaihua fructus posralOaO combinOd with fractional CO2 lasOr is safO and OffOctivO in thO trOatmOnt of stablO sporadic vitiligo.

Differential expression of exosomal miRNAs in osteoblasts in osteoarthritis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To analyze the differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs in subchondral osteoblasts in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and to investigate the key miRNAs potentially involved in the occurrence and progression of OA.
 Methods: Subchondral bones were harvested from 6 patients with OA. All subjects were divided into two groups which was based on the severity of joint wear: An OA group, severely worn side of subchondral bone, and a control group, less worn side of subchondral bone. The exosomes were extracted from osteoblast cells and their characteristics were identified. Then exosomal miRNAs were extracted and sequencing analysis was conducted to compare the expression in the two groups. The most differentially expressed ones (log2Ratio≥2) were subject to miRNA target prediction and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) to further quantify the difference.
 Results: Osteoblast extractions were confirmed to be exosomes, which were small double-membranous vesicles with 30-200 nm in diameter and 50-150 nm in peak value of particle size under the scanning microscope. High-throughput sequencing revealed 124 miRNAs whose expression significantly increased in the OA group. The most differentially expressed one with maximum fold change was hsa-miR-4717-5p and its target gene was RGS2. RT-qPCR demonstrated hsa-miR-4717-5p expression in the OA group was relatively higher than that in the control group (2.243 vs 0.480, P<0.01).
 Conclusion: There is distinct difference in expression profiles of exosomal miRNAs in subchondral osteoblasts between patients with OA and normal subjects. Up-regulated expression of miRANs might participate in OA occurrance and progression.

Progress in research of pentose transporters and C6/C5 co-metabolic strains in Saccharomyces cerevisiae / 生物工程学报

One of the requirements for increasing the economic profitability on the large-scale production of second-generation ethanol and other bio-chemicals using lignocellulose biomass as raw materials is efficient hexose and pentose utilization. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the traditional ethanol producer, is an attractive chassis cell due to its robustness towards harsh environmental conditions and inherent advantages. But S. cerevisiae cannot utilize pentose. The precision construction of suitable strains for second-generation bio-ethanol production has been taken for more than three decades based on the principle of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. The resulting strains have improved significantly co-fermentation of glucose and xylose. Recently, much attentions have been focused on sugar transport, which is one of the limiting but formerly ignored step for ethanol production from both glucose and xylose, to get the desired state that different sugars could efficiently delivered by their individual specific transporters. In this paper, the progress on sugar transporters of S. cerevisiae was reviewed, and the research status of xylose and/or L-arabinose metabolic engineering in S. cerevisiae were also presented.

Application of bowel plication combined with early enteral nutrition in the enhanced recovery after surgery for neonates with jejunal atresia / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of bowel plication combined with early enteral nutrition (EEN) in the enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) of jejunal atresia (JA) neonates.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January 2005 and January 2014, 58 neonates with JA underwent surgical treatment in Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Their clinical data, including operation procedures, ages, birth weight, concomitant diseases, age at surgery, hospital stay, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), postoperative intestinal function recovery (the time to the first oral feeding and the time to oral feeding volume reaching 150 ml·kg·d), complications and reoperation, were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to the surgical procedures, the 58 neonates were divided into three groups: control group(18 cases, undergoing atretic segments resection and primary anastomosis), bowel plication group(19 cases, undergoing bowel plication after atretic segments resection and primary anastomosis) and bowel plication combined with EEN group (21 cases, undergoing bowel plication combined with EEN). No significant differences of ages, birth weight, age at operation, and concomitant diseases were found among 3 groups (all P>0.05). The time of hospital stay, the time to the first oral feeding, the time to oral feeding volume reaching 150 ml·kg·d, and the time of TPN in bowel plication group were significantly shorter than those of control group [(19.3±4.4) d vs. (22.7±3.1) d, t=2.696, P=0.011; (9.8±3.3) d vs. (12.5±3.0) d, t=2.630, P=0.013; (18.5±4.1) d vs. (21.5±2.5) d, t=2.726, P=0.011; (13.1±2.9) d vs. (15.0±2.3) d, t=2.219, P=0.033]. However, above parameters of bowel plication combined with EEN group were significantly shorter than those of bowel plication group [(15.3±3.5) d vs. (19.3±4.4), t=4.120, P=0.003; (7.7±2.2) d vs. (9.8±3.3) d, t=2.428, P=0.020; (14.8±2.5) d vs. (18.5±4.1) d, t=3.752, P=0.001; (9.5±3.0) vs. (13.1±2.9) d, t=4.370, P=0.000].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The bowel plication combined with EEN contributes to the early use of intestinal function, shorten the time to the first oral feeding, and reduces the use of TPN, which can improve the recovery of jejunal atresia neonates.</p>

Study on ultramicrostructure change and keratin1 expression in patients with symmetrical acral keratoderma / 重庆医学

Objective To study the ultramicrostructure change and keartin(KRT1) expression in skin lesion of symmetrical acral keratoderma(SAK) .Methods Thirteen cases of SAK in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University and the outpatient department of the Dongguan Municipal Sixth People′s Hospital were selected as the study subjects .The histopathological samples were taken from the wrist site .The retinoic acid preparation or corticosteroid preparation or Chinese medicine preparation were not externally used within 2 months before taking skin lesion sample .The healthy control skin samples were the normal skin in 12 cases by plastic surgical resection .The ultramicrostructural change were observed by the transmission electron microscopy .The KRT1 expression in skin lesion of 13 cases of SAK and healthy skin tissue of 12 cases were measured by immunohistochemistry method .Results The SAK ultramicrostructures manifested by the interruption of keratinizing envelope continuity in horny layer , and remarkable aggregation of keratin filament in upper stratum spinosum and surrounding nucleus of granular layer .KRT1 was ex-pressed in the cells of SAK skin lesion and basal layer ,spinous layer ,granular layer and horny layer .The cytoplasm and cytomem-brane staining was common .The KRT1 expression in skin lesion was significantly higher than that in normal skin (t=2 .210 ,P=0 .038) .Conclusion The ultramicrostructure features of SAK skin lesion are abnormal differentiation of epidermis keratin fila-ments ,which might be related with overexpression of KRT 1 .

Serum galactomannan test for diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 医学研究生学报

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of serum galactomannan (GM) in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods We enrolled 60 COPD patients in the study, including 19 IPA and 41 non-IPA cases.We examined serum GM of the patients by ELISA, evaluate the value of serum GM test for the diagnosis of IPA in patients with COPD, and compared the GM values before and after treatment.Results With 0.5 as the positive cutoff value, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of serum GM were 57.9%, 95.3%, 84.6%, and 83.0%, respectively, with a high specificity and a low sensitivity.The 7 IPA cases showed a significantly decreased GM value after treatment as compared with the baseline (0.30±0.21 vs 1.48±1.37, P=0.004).Conclusion The serum GM test has a limited value in the diagnosis of IPA in patients with COPD, but dynamic monitoring of the changes of the serum GM value may help evaluate the patient's condition.

Screening and expression analysis of the specific tissue and serum microRNA profile in Hirschsprung disease / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the different expressions of pathological tissue and serum microRNAs (miRNAs)in Hirschsprung disease(HSCR). Methods Pathological colon tissues and serum samples were obtained from 52 confirmed HSCR cases respectively by surgery and pathology and from 52 matched controls,respectively. An initial screening of the tissues and serum microRNA expression were performed through TaqMan Low Density Array. The candidate tissue and serum miRNAs were validated by quantitative real - time - PCR in the 20 paired array samples and extra 32 paired samples after the integration of the screening result. The bioinformatical software online including miR-base,Target Scan,PicTar and MiRanda were used to predict the target mRNA of the consistent microRNAs in the tis-sues and the serum. Results Compared with the controls,47 microRNAs were differently expressed in HSCR tissues, including 17 up - regulated miRNAs and 30 down - regulated miRNAs;32 upregulated miRNAs were also detected to be differently expressed in the HSCR serum. Among these microRNAs,miR - 218 - 1 and miR - 885 - 5p were identi-fied to have a consistent significant different expression in both tissues and the serum,which were validated as high -expressed in microarray samples and expanded 32 paired samples(miR - 218 - 1:tissue array 0. 017 58 ± 0. 002 29 vs 0. 003 37 ± 0. 000 50,P ﹤ 0. 001;tissue expanded expression 0. 013 53 ± 0. 001 74 vs 0. 004 43 ± 0. 000 60,P ﹤0. 001. miR - 885 - 5p:tissue array 0. 000 30 ± 0. 000 11 vs 0. 000 04 ± 0. 0000 08,P = 0. 027 6;tissue expanded ex-pression 0. 004 59 ± 0. 000 16 vs 0. 000 04 ± 0. 000 01,P = 0. 014 5. miR - 218 - 1:serum array 0. 769 60 ± 0. 285 50 vs 0. 045 14 ± 0. 015 07,P = 0. 015 5;serum expanded expression 1. 151 00 ± 0. 430 00 vs 0. 023 07 ± 0. 003 81,P =0. 008 7. miR -885 -5p:serum array 1. 595 00 ±0. 441 70 vs 0. 169 40 ±0. 034 46,P =0. 001 2;serum expanded expres-sion 1. 689 00 ±0. 453 00 vs 0. 146 10 ± 0. 031 24,P = 0. 001 2). Specifically,the target genes of these 2 microRNAs were RET,PLAG1 and NeuroD1,which had been reported to be directly related to HSCR. Conclusions Significantly dif-ferential expressed miRNAs exist in the pathological tissue and the serum of HSCR. MiR - 218 - 1 and miR - 885 - 5p, which showing consistent differential expression,may be involved in the pathogenesis of HSCR.

Study on correlation of abdominal height with visceral fat area and the cutoff points to predict abdominal adiposity / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Totally 177 individuals (87 males and 90 females), who took abdominal computer tomography were enrolled. Anthropometric surrogates such as abdominal height( AH), waist circumference( WC), body mass index(BMI), and waist to height ratio(WHtR) were measured. Correlations between AH, WC, BMI, and WHtR with visceral abdominal fat were analyzed, and receiver operating characteristic curves ( ROC) were prepared for detecting abdominal adiposity at or beyond 80cm2 using lumbar vertebra 4-5 cross-section visceral fat areas as the screening cut-point within gender separately. Youden′s index was used to determine cut-off values of AH, WC, BMI, and WHtR by which to classify excess abdominal fat. 70(80. 5% ) males and 59(65. 9% ) females had abdominal obesity. Compared to other anthropometic indicators, AH presented the highest correlation with visceral adipose fat. The pearson correlation efficiencies were 0. 825 and 0. 732, the cut-off points were 20 cm and 20. 3 cm in male and female respectively. After controlling for age, receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that AH, followed by WHtR, outperformed WC and BMI in identifying central obesity participants. Optimal cut-off values of the physical anthropometric indices to indentify abdominal adiposity were 20 cm(AH), and 91 cm(WC) 25 kg/ m2 (BMI), and 0. 52(WHtR) for men, and 20. 3 cm(AH), 86. 5 cm(WC), 25 kg/ m2(BMI), and 0. 54(WHtR) for women. AH is effective for predicting visceral adiposity and might be considered the best predictor of abdominal obesity at a cut-point of 20cm in Chinese adults.

CURATIVE EFFECT OF NB-UVB COMBINED WITH PREDNISONE ON NEURALGIA FOL-LOWING HERPES ZOSTER / 现代医院

Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of NB -UVB combined with prednisone on neuralgia following herpes zoster .Methods 84 patients with neuralgia following herpes zoster were randomly divided into treatment group and control group , with 42 in each.The treatment group were given NB -UVB 3 times weekly, and oral prednisone tablet 10mg three times daily for 14 days.The control group was treated with prednisone tablet 10mg three times and indomethacin 25 mg two times daily for 14 days.The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects in the two groups .Results The effective rate of the treatment group was 88.1%, and that of the control group was 69.05%.The therapeutic effect in the treatment group was statistically significant higher than that of the control group (χ2 =5.974, p=0.015).No marked side effects were observed in both groups .Con-clusion NB-UVB combined with prednisone is effect in the treatment of neuralgia following herpes zostert .

Analysis of clinical data in breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate differences of ctinicopathologic features in breast cancer patients with or without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(DM).Methods The general conditions and elinicopathologic features of the hospitalized breast cancer patients with or without type 2 diabetes were analyzed using a case-control study.Results The average age,fasting blood-glucose,BMI and TG were(58.4 ± 7.80),(8.15 ± 2.80)mmol/L,(27.72 ± 3.47)mmol/L and(2.36 ± 1.18)mmol/L in patients with DM,and(51.6 ± 9.90),(5.13 ±0.63)mmol/L,(24.15 ± 4.95)mmol/L and(1.32 ± 0.59)mmol/L in patients without DM.There were significantdifference between the two groups(t =2.968,P =0.004; t =5.757,P ＜ 0.001 ; t =3.235,P =0.002; t =4.330,P ＜0.001,respectively).HDL-C in patients with DM was(1.39 +0.20)mmol/L,which was significantly lower than that of(1.50 ± 0.24)mmol/L in patients without DM(t =2.000,P =0.05).TC and LDL-C was(4.89 ± 1.16)mmol/L and(3.02 ±0.90)mmol/L in patients with DM,which were not significantly different with those of(4.79 ±0.85)mmol/L and(2.97 +0.61)mmol/L in patients without DM(t =0.396,P =0.693,and t =0.255,P =0.800,respectively).More patients were in the menopausal status in breast cancer patients with Type 2 DM compared to the other group(x2 =11.835,P =0.001).The expression of Her-2 was 76.7％(23/30)in breast cancer patients with Type 2 DM,which was significantly higher than that of 50.8％(33/65)in patients without DM(x2 =5.689,P =0.017).Conclusion The average age was higher in breast cancer patients with Type 2 DM and most of them were in their menopausal status,furthermore the higher body mass index and worse prognosis were observed in this group,so the breast cancer patients with diabetes should choose the more reasonable treatment.

Inhibitors and their effects on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and relevant countermeasures in bioprocess of ethanol production from lignocellulose--a review / 生物工程学报

The pretreatment of raw materials is necessary for ethanol production from lignocellulose, however, a variety of compounds which inhibit the fermenting microorganism such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are inevitably formed in this bioprocess. Based on their chemical properties, the inhibitors are usually divided into three major groups: weak acids, furaldehydes and phenolic compounds. These compounds negatively affect the growth of S. cerevisiae, ethanol yield and productivity, which is one of the significant hurdles for the development of large-scale ethanol production from lignocellulose. We address here the origins of the three kinds of inhibitors and their mechanisms to S. cerevisiae. We also discuss the strategies of improving the fermentation performance of yeast, including detoxification of the pretreated substrates, enhancement of yeast tolerance and also fermentation control to reduce the effects of the inhibitors. The methods used in enhancing the yeast tolerance are traditional mutagenic breeding integrated with strains evolution under the suitable selective pressure, and metabolic engineering by introducing and/or overexpressing genes encoding enzymes such as furfural reductase, laccase and phenylacrylic acid decarboxylase, that confer the S. cerevisiae strains resistance towards specific inhibitors.

Early diagnosis of pulmonary embolism after thoracic injury or surgery / 中国基层医药

Objective To evaluate experience for early diagnosis of pulmonary tembolism alter thoracic injury or surgery. Methods The 9 patients after thoracic injury or surgery with highly-suspected pulmonary embolism underwent chest radiograph of X-ray, helical CT pulmonary angiography, electrocardiogram, radionuclide pulmonary ventilation perfusion imaging, D dimer assay and arterial blood gas analysis respectively and the clinic data and results were analyzed. Results All patients were diagnosed and recovered after 8 patients received thrombolytic therapy and another patient received anticoagulant therapy. Conclusion If there were some symptoms such as suddenly severe dyspnea, cyanosis, with/without chest pains and the feeling of fear to death unable to be explained by original disease on those patients alter thoracic injury or surgery, it's very important for pulmonary embolism to be recognized, and early diagnosis and quickly efficient treatment is the key to prevent death. Helical CT pulmonary angiography is a safe, cheap, noninvasive and effective method for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with high sensitivity and specificity.